National Institute of Statistics, Italy

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data The survey collects environmental informations relating to the capital cities of the 110 Italian provinces. In addition to data collection for the reference year of the survey, the survey also allows the possibility of revising the statistical information collected in relation to previous years, in order to consolidate the time series already available (since 2000). The data collected also contributes to fuel the Environmental Monitoring on the cities, a database designed for the integrated management of statistical information relating to the main environmental issues in urban areas. The issues currently under investigation are: drinking water and water treatment, air quality, use of energy sources, collection and waste management, noise pollution, public transport, urban green, eco-friendly forms of planning, organization and management of local governments. Data and the statistical information derived from the survey, annually disclosed, represent an essential information tool to support the monitoring of the state of the urban environment and the activities undertaken by governments to ensure the good quality of the environment in cities.

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data The survey collects environmental informations relating to the capital cities of the 110 Italian provinces. In addition to data collection for the reference year of the survey, the survey also allows the possibility of revising the statistical information collected in relation to previous years, in order to consolidate the time series already available (since 2000). The data collected also contributes to fuel the Environmental Monitoring on the cities, a database designed for the integrated management of statistical information relating to the main environmental issues in urban areas. The issues currently under investigation are: drinking water and water treatment, air quality, use of energy sources, collection and waste management, noise pollution, public transport, urban green, eco-friendly forms of planning, organization and management of local governments. Data and the statistical information derived from the survey, annually disclosed, represent an essential information tool to support the monitoring of the state of the urban environment and the activities undertaken by governments to ensure the good quality of the environment in cities.

Data source(s) used: The main data sources for the compilation of environmental protection expenditure accounts’ aggregates are: a) National Accounts – primarily supply and use tables, General Government expenditure by function (COFOG), gross fixed capital formation by industry , b) survey data – enterprises’ environmental protection expenditure collected through the Survey on Economic and financial accounts of large enterprises and the sample Survey on the small and medium enterprises; for some environmental protection estimates, ad hoc methodologies are applied to ensure consistency between survey data and National Accounts. Other data characteristics: Environmental protection expenditure accounts present - in a way that is compatible with the concepts and principles of the European System of Accounts (ESA) - data on the economic resources devoted by resident units to environmental protection. Environmental protection includes all activities and actions which have as their main purpose the prevention, reduction and elimination of pollution and of any other degradation of the environment. Those activities and actions include all measures taken in order to restore the environment after it has been degraded. Activities which, while beneficial to the environment, primarily satisfy the technical needs or the internal requirements for hygiene or safety and security of an enterprise or other institution are excluded from this definition. Also excluded the prevention of natural disasters and risks (landslides, floods, etc) and activities related to natural resources managements, like energy saving or savings in the use of natural resources as raw materials. Data are compliant with the requirements of the Eu Regulation No 538/2014 on European environmental economic accounts (amending Regulation No 691/2011). The following characteristics are covered which are defined in accordance with ESA:— output of environmental protection services (market output, non-market output and output of ancillary activities) — intermediate consumption of environmental protection services by specialist producers,— imports and exports of environmental protection services,— valued added tax (VAT) and other taxes less subsidies on products on environmental protection services,— gross fixed capital formation and acquisitions less disposals of non-financial non-produced assets for the production of environmental protection services,— final consumption of environmental protection services,— environmental protection transfers (received/paid).The characteristics are broken down by:•type of producers/consumers of environmental protection services: A) general government (including non-profit institutions serving households) and corporations as institutional sectors producing environmental protection services;B) households, general government and corporations as consumers of environmental protection services;C) the rest of the world as beneficiary, or origin, of transfers for environmental protection.•classes or grouping of classes of the classification of environmental protection activities (CEPA).

Data source(s) used: Environmental tax revenue by category: Environmental taxes, as part of the more general group of taxes, are compulsory payments to the government, where the benefits provided to the taxpayer are not directly linked to the payment. A tax is defined as an environmental tax if its base is ‘a physical unit (or a proxy of it) of something that has a proven, specific negative impact on the environment’. This approach, consistent with the international guidelines on environmental taxes, assigns primary importance to the tax base in deciding whether a tax is environmental or not, while the purpose stated by the tax legislator is not relevant. Hence, environmental taxes include both instruments designed with an environmental motivation and instruments with a different stated purpose. The ‘General Government aggregates and Accounts’ (Conti ed aggregati economici delle Amministrazioni pubbliche) produced by Istat National Accounts, are the main source of environmental tax revenue data. The revenue raised by a specific environmental instrument is in some cases singled out within the released General Government accounts , while in other cases is part of the revenue raised by a broader tax Environmental taxes Italy are grouped – consistently with international guidelines – into four categories: energy, transport, pollution, resources.Energy taxes include all taxes on energy products used for both transport (mainly petrol and diesel) and stationary purposes (mainly fuel oils, natural gas, coal and electricity). CO2-taxes are also included under energy taxes rather than under pollution taxes as they are often introduced as a substitute for other energy taxes.Transport taxes mainly include taxes related to the ownership and use of motor vehicles. Taxes on other transport equipment (e.g. planes), and related transport services are also included here, to the extent that they are consistent with the general definition of environmental taxes.Pollution taxes include taxes on measured or estimated emission to air and water, management of solid waste and noise. As already mentioned CO2-taxes are included under energy taxes.Resource taxes include fiscal instruments related to the intake of natural resources. In Italy, there are no environmental taxes belonging to this category.Data by paying unit:Units paying environmental taxes include resident economic activities producing goods and services, resident households or non residents; if part of the revenue cannot be allocated to a specific unit this is presented as 'not allocated'. Environmental taxes paid by economic activities: For resident economic activities producing goods and services, data are broken down by the classification of economic activities NACE Rev.2Environmental tax revenue by CEPA class: Environmental taxes can be broken down by CEPA class (Classification of Environmental Protection Activities and expenditures): 1. Protection of ambient air and climate, 2. Wastewater management, 3. Waste management, 4. Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water, 5. Noise and vibration abatement, 6. Protection of biodiversity and landscape, 7. Protection against radiation, 8. Research and development, 9. Other environmental protection activities.Environmental tax revenue by earmarking: Depending on the use of the revenue, two kinds of environmental taxes are distinguished:• specific taxes, or earmarked taxes, i.e. taxes whose revenue is used to finance environmental protection expenditure;• other environmental taxes, i.e. taxes whose revenue is NOT earmarked for environmental protection expenditure. Other data characteristics: Due to data rounding, sometimes the sum of numbers displayed does not exactly equal the total.

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data The survey collects environmental informations relating to the capital cities of the 110 Italian provinces. In addition to data collection for the reference year of the survey, the survey also allows the possibility of revising the statistical information collected in relation to previous years, in order to consolidate the time series already available (since 2000). The data collected also contributes to fuel the Environmental Monitoring on the cities, a database designed for the integrated management of statistical information relating to the main environmental issues in urban areas. The issues currently under investigation are: drinking water and water treatment, air quality, use of energy sources, collection and waste management, noise pollution, public transport, urban green, eco-friendly forms of planning, organization and management of local governments. Data and the statistical information derived from the survey, annually disclosed, represent an essential information tool to support the monitoring of the state of the urban environment and the activities undertaken by governments to ensure the good quality of the environment in cities.

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data The survey collects environmental informations relating to the capital cities of the 110 Italian provinces. In addition to data collection for the reference year of the survey, the survey also allows the possibility of revising the statistical information collected in relation to previous years, in order to consolidate the time series already available (since 2000). The data collected also contributes to fuel the Environmental Monitoring on the cities, a database designed for the integrated management of statistical information relating to the main environmental issues in urban areas. The issues currently under investigation are: drinking water and water treatment, air quality, use of energy sources, collection and waste management, noise pollution, public transport, urban green, eco-friendly forms of planning, organization and management of local governments. Data and the statistical information derived from the survey, annually disclosed, represent an essential information tool to support the monitoring of the state of the urban environment and the activities undertaken by governments to ensure the good quality of the environment in cities.

Data source(s) used: Air emissions reported in the Namea (National accounting matrix including environmental accounts) satellite account are calculated starting from the national emission inventory annually produced by Istituto Superiore per la Ricerca e la Protezione Ambientale (Ispra) and used for the Italian Communications within the framework of international conventions: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Unfccc) and the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Clrtap). The relation between Namea emission totals and those totals calculated by Ispra within the mentioned international conventions is illustrated in the present note and the quantities involved are shown in the ‘Bridging items between NAMEA total and Unfccc/Clrtap total’.The remaining statistical discrepancies are mostly due to the use of more up-to-date data, kindly supplied by ISPRA, than those included in the last official communications.

Data source(s) used: European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC): Eu-Silc is expected to become the EU reference source for comparative statistics on income distribution and social exclusion at European level, particularly in the context of the "Programme of Community action to encourage cooperation between Member States to combat social exclusion" and for producing structural indicators on social cohesion for the annual spring report to the European Council. The survey is carried out yearly, and provides both cross-sectional and longitudinal information. A rotational sample design is used. The use of 4 rotational groups allows to follow households up to four years. Household and individual characteristics are collected at the time of the interview, expenses refer to the last 12 months, while income reference period is usually the previous calendar year. Other data characteristics: Data is defined not significant when sample size is between 20 and 49 units.The current data differ from the previous ones following the update of the reference populations according to census results.The released data for 2008 were revised in 2018 after a correction of the carryover universe coefficients.The main source of income has been updated compared to the previous data and has been calculated on income that includes among the components the value of meal vouchers, the value of non-monetary fringe benefits (with the exception of the company car already previously considered), self-consumption (goods produced and consumed by the family) and supplementary pensions.

Data source(s) used: Urban water census: Urban water census produces statistical information on urban water services provided to the community through a network of facilities spread throughout the country. In particular, the information collected includes: water abstraction for drinkable use, transport of drinking water, water supply system, sewage network, waste water treatment plants. The respondents are all water management companies operating in Italy. Other data characteristics: Due to rounding, national data and data referred to geographical areas may not coincide with the total amount of data related to more disaggregate territorial levels.

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data:The English description of the source is not available at this time, for methodological details go to the Siqual system

Data source(s) used: Urban water census: Urban water census produces statistical information on urban water services provided to the community through a network of facilities spread throughout the country. In particular, the information collected includes: water abstraction for drinkable use, transport of drinking water, water supply system, sewage network, waste water treatment plants. The respondents are all water management companies operating in Italy. Other data characteristics: Due to rounding, national data and data referred to geographical areas may not coincide with the total amount of data related to more disaggregate territorial levels.

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data:The English description of the source is not available at this time, for methodological details go to the Siqual system