Themen Forschung und Entwicklung Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben

Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben sind laufende Ausgaben und Kapitalaufwendungen (öffentlich und privat) für kreative Arbeit, die zur systematischen Erweiterung des Wissens (einschließlich des Wisses über den Menschen, die Kultur und die Gesellschaft) und den Einsatz dieses Wissens für neue Anwendungen geleistet wird.

Forschungs- und Entwicklungsausgaben, % des BIP (%)

20002005201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Australien1,62,42,22,21,91,91,8
Brunei Daressalam0,3
Kambodscha0,1
China0,91,31,71,81,92,02,02,12,12,12,12,22,42,4
Hongkong0,50,80,70,70,70,70,70,80,80,80,90,91,01,0
Indonesien0,10,10,20,20,20,30,3
Japan2,93,13,13,23,23,33,43,23,13,23,23,23,33,3
Republik Korea2,12,53,33,63,94,04,14,04,04,34,54,64,84,9
Macau0,10,10,00,00,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,50,4
Malaysia0,51,01,01,11,31,31,41,01,0
Mongolei0,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,1
Myanmar0,10,00,10,10,10,1
Neuseeland1,11,21,21,21,31,41,5
Papua-Neuguinea0,0
Philippinen0,10,10,10,20,3
Singapur1,82,11,92,11,91,92,12,22,11,91,81,92,2
Thailand0,20,20,40,40,50,60,81,01,11,11,3
Vietnam0,10,30,40,40,40,4
Armenien0,20,30,20,30,20,20,20,30,20,20,20,20,20,2
Österreich1,92,42,72,72,93,03,13,03,13,13,13,13,23,3
Aserbaidschan0,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,2
Weißrussland0,70,70,70,70,60,70,50,50,50,60,60,60,50,5
Belgien1,91,82,12,22,32,32,42,42,52,72,93,23,43,4
Bosnien-Herzegowina0,00,30,30,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,2
Bulgarien0,50,40,60,50,60,60,80,90,80,70,80,80,80,8
Kroatien1,00,80,70,70,70,80,80,80,80,81,01,11,21,2
Zypern0,20,40,40,50,40,50,50,50,50,50,60,70,80,8
Tschechische Republik1,11,21,31,51,81,92,01,91,71,81,91,92,02,0
Dänemark2,22,42,92,93,03,02,93,13,12,93,02,93,02,8
Estland0,60,91,62,32,11,71,41,51,21,31,41,61,81,8
Finnland3,23,33,73,63,43,33,12,92,72,72,82,82,93,0
Frankreich2,12,12,22,22,22,22,32,22,22,22,22,22,32,2
Georgien0,20,20,10,20,30,30,30,30,30,30,3
Deutschland2,42,42,72,82,92,82,92,92,93,03,13,23,13,1
Griechenland0,60,60,70,70,80,81,01,01,21,21,31,51,5
Ungarn0,80,91,11,21,31,41,31,31,21,31,51,51,61,6
Island2,62,72,41,71,92,22,12,12,02,32,52,8
Irland1,11,21,61,61,61,61,51,21,21,31,21,21,21,1
Italien1,01,01,21,21,31,31,31,31,41,41,41,51,51,5
Kasachstan0,20,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,10,1
Kirgisistan0,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Lettland0,40,50,60,70,70,60,70,60,40,50,60,60,70,7
Litauen0,60,70,80,90,90,91,01,00,80,90,91,01,11,1
Luxemburg1,61,61,41,41,21,21,21,31,31,21,21,21,11,0
North Macedonia0,40,20,20,20,30,40,50,40,40,40,40,40,40,4
Republik Moldau0,40,40,30,30,30,30,30,30,30,30,20,20,2
Monaco0,0
Montenegro0,90,30,40,40,40,30,30,50,4
Niederlande1,81,81,71,91,92,22,22,12,22,22,12,22,32,3
Norwegen1,51,61,61,61,61,71,92,02,12,02,12,21,9
Polen0,60,60,70,80,90,91,01,01,01,01,21,31,41,4
Portugal0,70,81,51,51,41,31,31,21,31,31,31,41,61,7
Rumänien0,40,40,40,50,50,40,40,50,50,50,50,50,50,5
Russische Föderation1,01,11,11,01,01,01,11,11,11,11,01,01,1
Serbien0,90,40,70,70,90,70,70,80,80,90,90,90,91,0
Slowakei0,60,50,60,70,80,80,91,20,80,90,80,80,90,9
Slowenien1,41,42,12,42,62,62,42,22,01,91,92,02,12,1
Spanien0,91,11,41,31,31,31,21,21,21,21,21,31,41,4
Schweden3,43,23,23,23,33,13,23,23,43,33,43,53,4
Schweiz2,32,93,13,13,23,4
Tadschikistan0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Türkei0,50,60,80,80,80,80,90,91,11,21,31,31,41,4
Ukraine0,91,00,80,70,70,70,70,60,50,40,50,40,40,3
Großbritannien1,61,51,61,61,61,62,32,32,32,32,72,72,92,9
Usbekistan0,40,20,20,10,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,1
Argentinien0,40,40,60,60,60,60,60,60,60,60,50,50,50,5
Bolivien0,3
Brasilien1,01,01,21,11,11,21,31,41,31,11,21,21,1
Chile0,30,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,30,3
Kolumbien0,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,30,30,30,30,3
Costa Rica0,40,50,50,50,50,60,40,40,40,40,30,3
Kuba0,50,50,60,30,40,50,40,40,30,40,50,60,5
Ecuador0,40,30,30,40,4
El Salvador0,10,00,00,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,2
Guatemala0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,1
Honduras0,00,00,00,10,1
Mexiko0,30,40,50,50,40,40,40,40,40,30,30,30,3
Nicaragua0,10,10,10,10,1
Panama0,40,20,10,20,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,2
Paraguay0,10,00,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,2
Peru0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,2
Puerto Rico0,40,4
Trinidad und Tobago0,10,10,00,00,00,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Uruguay0,20,50,30,30,30,30,30,40,40,40,50,40,4
Venezuela (Bolivarische Republik)0,20,20,20,30,30,3
Algerien0,10,5
Bahrain0,1
Ägypten0,20,20,40,50,50,60,60,70,70,60,70,80,90,9
Iran0,60,30,30,20,40,80,8
Irak0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,0
Israel3,83,93,93,94,14,04,14,24,54,64,85,25,75,6
Jordanien0,7
Kuwait0,10,10,10,10,10,30,40,10,10,10,10,20,2
Malta0,50,60,70,80,70,70,70,60,60,60,60,70,7
Marokko0,7
Oman0,10,20,10,20,20,20,20,20,30,30,3
Katar0,50,50,50,7
Saudi Arabien0,00,90,90,90,80,50,4
Arabischen Republik Syrien0,0
Tunesien0,70,70,70,60,60,60,60,60,70,70,7
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate0,50,70,90,91,31,31,51,5
Palästina0,40,5
Kanada1,92,01,81,81,81,71,71,71,71,71,71,81,91,7
Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika2,62,52,72,72,72,72,72,82,92,93,03,23,53,5
Indien0,80,80,80,80,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,6
Nepal0,3
Pakistan0,10,40,30,30,20,20,20,2
Sri Lanka0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Angola0,0
Botsuana0,50,30,6
Burkina Faso0,20,20,60,20,20,3
Burundi0,10,10,2
Kap Verde0,1
Tschad0,3
Côte d'Ivoire0,1
Demokratische Republik Kongo0,10,4
Äthiopien0,20,20,60,3
Ghana0,4
Kenia0,7
Lesotho0,00,1
Madagaskar0,10,20,10,10,00,00,0
Mali0,60,30,30,20,2
Mauretanien0,0
Mauritius0,30,40,20,40,30,40,40,4
Mosambik0,40,3
Namibia0,10,3
Ruanda0,60,8
Senegal0,40,6
Seychellen0,30,2
Südafrika0,80,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,80,70,60,6
Sudan0,50,2
Swasiland0,3
Vereinigte Republik Tansania0,40,5
Gambia0,10,1
Togo0,20,20,2
Uganda0,20,40,1
Sambia0,0