Eurostat

Data are the result of the annual structure of government debt survey and cover the EU countries as well as Norway. The following series are available: Central government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; State government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Local government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Social security funds gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; General government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Debt by currency of issuance; Government guarantees (contingent liabilities).

The focus of this domain is on the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) countries on the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean (ENP-South), namely: Algeria (DZ),Egypt (EG),Israel (IL),Jordan (JO),Lebanon (LB),Libya (LY),Morocco (MA),Palestine (PS),Syria (SY) andTunisia (TN). An extensive range of indicators is presented in this domain, including indicators from almost every theme covered by European statistics. Only annual data are published in this domain. The data and their denomination in no way constitute the expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the legal status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its borders.

The domain "Income and living conditions" covers four topics: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, income distribution and monetary poverty, living conditions and material deprivation, which are again structured into collections of indicators on specific topics. The collection "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion" houses main indicator on risk of poverty or social inclusion included in the Europe 2020 strategy as well as the intersections between sub-populations of all Europe 2020 indicators on poverty and social exclusion. The collection "Income distribution and monetary poverty" houses collections of indicators relating to poverty risk, poverty risk of working individuals as well as the distribution of income. The collection "Living conditions" hosts indicators relating to characteristics and living conditions of households, characteristics of the population according to different breakdowns, health and labour conditions, housing conditions as well as childcare related indicators. The collection "Material deprivation" covers indicators relating to economic strain, durables, housing deprivation and environment of the dwelling.

The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union defines this indicator as the ratio of government debt outstanding at the end of the year to gross domestic product at current market prices. For this calculation, government debt is defined as the total consolidated gross debt at nominal value in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA 2010): currency and deposits (AF.2), debt securities (AF.3) and loans (AF.4). The general government sector comprises the subsectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds. For further methodological guidance and interpretation, please refer to the Eurostat Manual on Government Deficit and Debt. Total government gross debt in million EUR is shown as well.

The data correspond to quarterly government debt. Public debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal (face) value, outstanding at the end of the year. Data for the general government sector are consolidated between subsectors at the national level. Data are non-seasonally adjusted.

The general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA 2010): currency and deposits (AF.2), debt securities (AF.3), and loans (AF.4). General government sector includes the following subsectors: central government, state government, local government and social security funds. Basic data are expressed in national currency, converted into euro using end-year exchange rates for the euro provided by the European Central Bank (ECB). The debt of the Euro area and EU aggregates is consolidated by removal of the loans that Member States have granted to other Member States. In order to reflect economic and technological developments and meet user needs, in September 2014 the new national accounting framework ESA 2010 replaced the previous framework ESA 95. This led to revisions of the time series for all Member States (please see Eurostat press release for the impact of the revisions on the government deficit and debt ratios). The changes to government debt relate to the classification of certain entities into government.

Gross debt-to-income ratio of households (including Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households) is defined as loans (ESA 2010 code: AF4), liabilities divided by gross disposable income (B6G) with the latter being adjusted for the net change in pension entitlements (D8net). Detailed data and methodology on site http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/sectoraccounts.

The Household debt is the stock of liabilities held by the sector Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.14_S.15). The instruments that are taken into account to compile such indicator are Debt securities (F.3) and Loans (F.4). Data are presented in consolidated terms, i.e. not taking into account transactions within the same sector, and expressed in % of GDP and millions of national currency. Definitions regarding sector and instruments are based on ESA 2010. The indicator is calculated as: [HDt/GDPt]*100

Data are the result of the annual structure of government debt survey and cover the EU countries as well as Norway. The following series are available: Central government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; State government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Local government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Social security funds gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; General government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Debt by currency of issuance; Government guarantees (contingent liabilities); Average remaining maturity of debt; Apparent cost of the debt; Market value of debt.

The data on contingent liabilities and potential obligations of government are collected in the context of the Enhanced Economic Governance package (the "six-pack") adopted in 2011. In particular, Council Directive 2011/85 on requirements for budgetary frameworks of the Member States requires the Member States to publish relevant information on contingent liabilities with potentially large impacts on public budgets, including government guarantees, non-performing loans, and liabilities stemming from the operation of public corporations, including the extent thereof. The liabilities are called “contingent” in the sense that they are by nature only potential and not actual liabilities. Non-performing loans could imply a potential loss for government if these loans were not repaid. This new data collection represents a step towards further transparency of public finances in the EU by giving a more comprehensive picture of EU Member States’ financial positions3 It is to be underlined that contingent liabilities are not part of the general government (Maastricht) debt as defined in the Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2009 of 25 May 2009 on the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty establishing the European Community. Eurostat collects and publishes the following indicators: government guarantees, liabilities related to public-private partnerships recorded off-balance sheet of government, liabilities of government controlled entities classified outside general government (public corporations) and non-performing loans. Regarding government controlled entities, it should be mentioned that this refers to  government controlled units, not classified in general government, and which are controlled, directly or indirectly (through other public units), by government. In cases when the government share in a corporation is lower than 50% and government does not have control over an entity, the corporation is not considered as controlled by government. Regarding the control criteria, according to ESA 2010 paragraph 20.18: “Control over an entity is the ability to determine the general policy or programme of that entity (…)”. The criteria to be used for corporations are indicated in ESA 2010 paragraphs 2.38 and further detailed in paragraph 20.309. ESA 2010 paragraph 2.38 specifies that: “General government secures control over a corpo­ration as a result of special legislation, decree or reg­ulation which empowers the government to deter­mine corporate policy. The following indicators are the main factors to consider in deciding whether a corporation is controlled by government:(a) government ownership of the majority of the voting interest; (b) government control of the board or governing body; (c) government control of the appointment and removal of key personnel;(d) government control of key committees in the entity; (e) government possession of a golden share; (f) special regulations; (g) government as a dominant customer; (h) borrowing from government. A single indicator may be sufficient to establish control, but, in other cases, a number of separate indicators may collectively indicate control.”

The private sector credit flow represents the net amount of liabilities in which the sectors Non-Financial corporations, Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.11_S.14_S.15) have incurred along the year. The instruments that are taken into account to compile private sector credit flow are Debt securities (F.3) and Loans (F.4). Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in % of GDP and in Million units of national currency. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the net flow of debt securities (F.3) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in % of GDP. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the net flow of debt securities (F.3) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in Million units of national currency. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the net flow of loans (F.4) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in % of GDP. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the net flow of loans (F.4) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in Million units of national currency. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The private sector debt is the stock of liabilities held by the sectors Non-Financial corporations, Households and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.11_S.14_S.15). The instruments that are taken into account to compile private sector debt are Debt securities (F.3) and Loans (F.4). Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. taking into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in % of GDP and million of national currency. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the stock of liabilities of debt securities (F.3) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in % of GDP. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the stock of liabilities of debt securities (F.3) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in million units of national currency. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the stock of liabilities of debt securities (F.3) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in consolidated terms, i.e. data do not take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in % of GDP. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the stock of liabilities of debt securities (F.3) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in consolidated terms, i.e. data do not take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in million units of national currency. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the stock of liabilities of loans (F.4) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in million units of national currency. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

The table presents the stock of liabilities of loans (F.4) for the sectors Non-Financial corporations (S.11), Households (S.14) and Non-Profit institutions serving households (S.15). The debt securities are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt. Data are presented in non-consolidated terms, i.e. data take into account transactions within the same sector and expressed in % of GDP. Definitions regarding sectors and instruments are based on the ESA 2010.

'Quarterly government debt' is defined as the total gross debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of each quarter for the general government sector (ref. Regulation  (EU) No 549/2013, Annex B transmission programme, definition of general government sector ESA 2010 §2.111). Data are measured in million Euro, million of national currency units, percentage of GDP and percentage of total consolidated debt. Data cover EU Member States and Norway. Quarterly data on government debt is provided according to the provisions of the European System of Accounts ESA 2010 (Regulation (EU) No 549/2013). Data is transmitted by national authorities (National Statistical Institutes, National Central Banks or Ministries of Finance).

Data are the result of the annual structure of government debt survey and cover the EU countries as well as Norway. The following series are available: Central government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; State government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Local government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Social security funds gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; General government gross debt by initital maturity and sector of debt holder; Debt by currency of issuance; Government guarantees (contingent liabilities).