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Global Financial Stability Report, October 2023: Financial and Climate Policies for a High-Interest-Rate Era

In its first forecast for the 2022 crop, COCERAL sees the total grain crop in the EU-27+UK at 304.5 mln t. This would be slightly down from the 307.6 mln t harvested in 2021. Wheat production (excluding durum) is expected to decrease from 143.2 mln t to 139.8 mln t, mainly because of a return to average yields in the Balkan region after record high crops have been reached there in 2021. The French crop is forecast to be down by almost 1 mln t year-on-year, while the German crop is seen higher by a good half mln t. The EU-27+UK 2022 barley production is forecast at 59.0 mln t, marginally down from 59.4 mln t this year. The EU-27+UK 2022 corn crop is seen almost unchanged year-on-year at 66.4 mln t (2021: 66.3 mln t), with a much higher crop in Hungary, but slightly lower crops in Poland, Germany, France, and Romania. The EU-27+UK rapeseed crop is forecast to recover from 18.5 mln t to 20.0 mln t mainly because of higher plantings in several countries, including Germany, France, the UK, Romania, and Bulgaria.

Data Cited at: Cato Institute-https://www.cato.org/human-freedom-index-new Note:- Each indicator is rated on a 0–10 scale, with 10-representing the most freedom.

The Fiscal Monitor surveys and analyzes the latest public finance developments, it updates fiscal implications of the crisis and medium-term fiscal projections and assesses policies to put public finances on a sustainable footing. 

Data may differ from nationally reported figures and the Global SDG Indicators Database due to differences in sources and/or reference years. This indicator presents data by sex on employees' average hourly earnings. The concept of earnings, as applied in wage statistics, relates to gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers' contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay. Data are also disaggregated by occupation. Statistics on average hourly earnings by sex are the basis for the calculation of the gender pay gap. Data disaggregated by occupation are provided according to the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Data may have been regrouped from the national classifications, which may not be strictly compatible with ISCO. For more information, refer to the Labour Market-related SDG Indicators (ILOSDG) database description.

The rise of travel and tourism has shown significant resilience globally. Despite slow economic growth in advanced economies and geopolitical tensions in some regions, the T&T sector still accounts for a large part of the global economy (estimated to be approximately 9% of global GDP or US$ 7 trillion) and employment, while the number of international travelers continues to increase. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), the T&T sector is forecast to continue growing at 4% annually—faster than financial services, transport and manufacturing