Between 2002 and 2021, R&D expenditure of Poland grew substantially from 0.56 to 1.44 % rising at an increasing annual rate that reached a maximum of 18.31% in 2012 and then decreased to 3.59% in 2021.
The description is composed by our digital data assistant.| North America | 3.32 % in 2021 | WB |
| Europe | 2.2 % in 2021 | WB |
| Belgium | 3.43 % in 2021 | WB |
| Sweden | 3.42 % in 2021 | WB |
| Switzerland | 3.36 % in 2021 | WB |
| Austria | 3.26 % in 2021 | WB |
| Germany | 3.14 % in 2021 | WB |
| Finland | 2.99 % in 2021 | WB |
| United Kingdom | 2.91 % in 2021 | WB |
| Denmark | 2.81 % in 2021 | WB |
| Iceland | 2.81 % in 2021 | WB |
| Netherlands | 2.31 % in 2021 | WB |
| Patent Applications | 111 Number in 2021 | WB |
| R&D personnel | 3,534.5 per million people in 2021 | WB |
| Scientific and Technical Journal Articles | 36,766.63 Number in 2020 | WB |
| Trademark Applications | 3,277 Number in 2019 | WB |
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